The premium offering, SQL Server Enterprise edition delivers comprehensive high-end datacenter capabilities with blazing-fast performance, unlimited virtualization, and end-to-end business intelligence - enabling high service levels for mission-critical workloads and end user access to data insights. There are some differences around mirroring (Web can only serve as a witness), publishing (Web can only subscribe), and performance (Web does not come with SQL Profiler). The primary difference is the licensing model, which limits how SQL Server may be used on the server it is installed on. A majority of SQL Server features are available in both SQL Server Web and Standard editions.
SQL Server 2016 includes more features than ever before, but it can be difficult to find the differences between versions of SQL Server.